.. index:: single: differential_evolution(Problem,RandomAlgorithm) .. _differential_evolution/2:

.. rst-class:: right

object

differential_evolution(Problem,RandomAlgorithm)

• Problem - Problem object implementing differential_evolution_protocol.
• RandomAlgorithm - Random number generator algorithm for the fast_random library. Differential Evolution (DE/rand/1/bin, DE/rand/1/exp, DE/best/1/bin, and DE/current-to-best/1/bin) metaheuristic for continuous bounded optimization.

  | Availability: | logtalk_load(differential_evolution(loader))

  | Author: Paulo Moura | Version: 1:0:0 | Date: 2026-08-19

  | Compilation flags: | static, context_switching_calls

  | Imports: | public :ref:`options <options/0>` | Uses: | :ref:`fast_random(Algorithm) <fast_random/1>` | :ref:`integer <integer/0>` | :ref:`linear_algebra <linear_algebra/0>` | :ref:`list <list/0>` | :ref:`numberlist <numberlist/0>` | :ref:`type <type/0>`

  | Remarks:

  • Strategies: The strategy(rand/1/bin) (default), strategy(rand/1/exp), strategy(best/1/bin), and strategy(current-to-best/1/bin) options select the classic mutation strategies.
  • Optimization objective: The objective(minimize|maximize) option selects the fitness ordering.
  • Boundary handling: Trial vectors that leave the bounds are clamped to the nearest bound.
  • Seed control: The seed(S) option initializes the random number generator for reproducible runs.

  | Inherited public predicates: | Â :ref:`options_protocol/0::check_option/1` Â :ref:`options_protocol/0::check_options/1` Â :ref:`options_protocol/0::default_option/1` Â :ref:`options_protocol/0::default_options/1` Â :ref:`options_protocol/0::option/2` Â :ref:`options_protocol/0::option/3` Â :ref:`options_protocol/0::valid_option/1` Â :ref:`options_protocol/0::valid_options/1` Â

  .. contents:: :local: :backlinks: top

Public predicates

.. index:: run/2 .. _differential_evolution/2::run/2:

run/2 ^^^^^^^^^

Runs Differential Evolution with default options and returns the best position and fitness found.

| Compilation flags: | static

| Template: | run(BestPosition,BestFitness) | Mode and number of proofs: | run(-list(number),-number) - one

---

.. index:: run/3 .. _differential_evolution/2::run/3:

run/3 ^^^^^^^^^

Runs Differential Evolution with the given options and returns the best position and fitness found.

| Compilation flags: | static

| Template: | run(BestPosition,BestFitness,Options) | Mode and number of proofs: | run(-list(number),-number,+list(compound)) - one

---

.. index:: run/4 .. _differential_evolution/2::run/4:

run/4 ^^^^^^^^^

Runs Differential Evolution with the given options and returns the best position, best fitness, and run statistics.

| Compilation flags: | static

| Template: | run(BestPosition,BestFitness,Statistics,Options) | Mode and number of proofs: | run(-list(number),-number,-list(compound),+list(compound)) - one

| Remarks:

• Statistics list: Contains generations(N), evaluations(E), improvements(I), final_mean_fitness(M), and final_diversity(D).

---

Protected predicates

(no local declarations; see entity ancestors if any)

Private predicates

(no local declarations; see entity ancestors if any)

Operators

(none)

.. seealso::

:ref:`differential_evolution(Problem) <differential_evolution/1>`, :ref:`differential_evolution_problem_protocol <differential_evolution_problem_protocol/0>`