1/*  Part of SWI-Prolog
    2
    3    Author:        Jan Wielemaker
    4    E-mail:        jan@swi-prolog.org
    5    WWW:           http://www.swi-prolog.org
    6    Copyright (c)  2021-2023, SWI-Prolog Solutions b.v.
    7    All rights reserved.
    8
    9    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   10    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   11    are met:
   12
   13    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   14       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   15
   16    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   17       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
   18       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
   19       distribution.
   20
   21    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
   22    "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
   23    LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
   24    FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   25    COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
   26    INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
   27    BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
   28    LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
   29    CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   30    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
   31    ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
   32    POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
   33*/
   34
   35:- module(prolog_debug_tools,
   36          [ (spy)/1,                % :Spec (some users tend to define these as
   37            (nospy)/1,              % :Spec  an operator)
   38            nospyall/0,
   39            debugging/0,
   40            trap/1,                 % +Exception
   41            notrap/1                % +Exception
   42          ]).   43:- use_module(library(broadcast), [broadcast/1]).   44:- autoload(library(edinburgh), [debug/0]).   45:- autoload(library(gensym), [gensym/2]).   46
   47:- multifile
   48    trap_alias/2.   49
   50:- set_prolog_flag(generate_debug_info, false).

 prolog:debug_control_hook(+Action)

Allow user-hooks in the Prolog debugger interaction. See the calls below for the provided hooks. We use a single predicate with action argument to avoid an uncontrolled poliferation of hooks.

   66:- multifile
   67    prolog:debug_control_hook/1.    % +Action
   68
   69:- meta_predicate
   70    spy(:),
   71    nospy(:).

 spy :Spec is det

 nospy :Spec is det

 nospyall is det

Set/clear spy-points. A successfully set or cleared spy-point is reported using print_message/2, level informational, with one of the following terms, where Spec is of the form M:Head.

• spy(Spec)
• nospy(Spec)

See also

- spy/1 and nospy/1 call the hook prolog:debug_control_hook/1 to allow for alternative specifications of the thing to debug.

   88spy(Spec) :-
   89    '$notrace'(spy_(Spec)).
   90
   91spy_(_:X) :-
   92    var(X),
   93    throw(error(instantiation_error, _)).
   94spy_(_:[]) :- !.
   95spy_(M:[H|T]) :-
   96    !,
   97    spy(M:H),
   98    spy(M:T).
   99spy_(Spec) :-
  100    prolog:debug_control_hook(spy(Spec)),
  101    !.
  102spy_(Spec) :-
  103    '$find_predicate'(Spec, Preds),
  104    '$member'(PI, Preds),
  105        pi_to_head(PI, Head),
  106        '$define_predicate'(Head),
  107        '$spy'(Head),
  108    fail.
  109spy_(_).
  110
  111nospy(Spec) :-
  112    '$notrace'(nospy_(Spec)).
  113
  114nospy_(_:X) :-
  115    var(X),
  116    throw(error(instantiation_error, _)).
  117nospy_(_:[]) :- !.
  118nospy_(M:[H|T]) :-
  119    !,
  120    nospy(M:H),
  121    nospy(M:T).
  122nospy_(Spec) :-
  123    prolog:debug_control_hook(nospy(Spec)),
  124    !.
  125nospy_(Spec) :-
  126    '$find_predicate'(Spec, Preds),
  127    '$member'(PI, Preds),
  128         pi_to_head(PI, Head),
  129        '$nospy'(Head),
  130    fail.
  131nospy_(_).
  132
  133nospyall :-
  134    '$notrace'(nospyall_).
  135
  136nospyall_ :-
  137    prolog:debug_control_hook(nospyall),
  138    fail.
  139nospyall_ :-
  140    spy_point(Head),
  141        '$nospy'(Head),
  142    fail.
  143nospyall_.
  144
  145pi_to_head(M:PI, M:Head) :-
  146    !,
  147    pi_to_head(PI, Head).
  148pi_to_head(Name/Arity, Head) :-
  149    functor(Head, Name, Arity).

 debugging is det

Report current status of the debugger.

  155debugging :-
  156    '$notrace'(debugging_).
  157
  158debugging_ :-
  159    prolog:debug_control_hook(debugging),
  160    !.
  161debugging_ :-
  162    (   current_prolog_flag(debug, true)
  163    ->  print_message(informational, debugging(on)),
  164        findall(H, spy_point(H), SpyPoints),
  165        print_message(informational, spying(SpyPoints))
  166    ;   print_message(informational, debugging(off))
  167    ),
  168    trapping,
  169    forall(debugging_hook, true).
  170
  171spy_point(Module:Head) :-
  172    current_predicate(_, Module:Head),
  173    '$get_predicate_attribute'(Module:Head, spy, 1),
  174    \+ predicate_property(Module:Head, imported_from(_)).

 debugging_hook

Multifile hook that is called as forall(debugging_hook, true) and that may be used to extend the information printed from other debugging libraries.

  182:- multifile debugging_hook/0.  183
  184
  185		 /*******************************
  186		 *           EXCEPTIONS		*
  187		 *******************************/

 trap(+Formal) is det

 notrap(+Formal) is det

Install a trap on error(Formal, Context) exceptions that unify. The tracer is started when a matching exception is raised. This predicate enables debug mode using debug/0 to get more context about the exception. Even with debug mode disabled exceptions are still trapped and thus one may call nodebug/0 to run in normal mode after installing a trap. Exceptions are trapped in any thread. Debug mode is only enabled in the calling thread. To enable debug mode in all threads use tdebug/0.

Calling debugging/0 lists the enabled traps. The predicate notrap/1 removes matching (unifying) traps.

In many cases debugging an exception that is caught is as simple as below (assuming run/0 starts your program).

?- trap(_).
?- run.

The multifile hook trap_alias/2 allow for defining short hands for commonly used traps. Currently this defines

det

Trap determinism exceptions raised as a result of the det/1 directive.

=>

Trap rule existence error exceptions.

See also

- gtrap/1 to trap using the graphical debugger.

- Edit exceptions menu in PceEmacs and the graphical debugger that provide a graphical frontend to trap exceptions.

  225:- dynamic
  226    exception/4,                    % Name, Term, NotCaught, Caught
  227    installed/1.                    % ClauseRef
  228
  229trap(Error) :-
  230    '$notrace'(trap_(Error)).
  231
  232trap_(Spec) :-
  233    expand_trap(Spec, Formal),
  234    gensym(ex, Rule),
  235    asserta(exception(Rule, error(Formal, _), true, true)),
  236    print_message(informational, trap(Rule, error(Formal, _), true, true)),
  237    install_exception_hook,
  238    debug.
  239
  240notrap(Error) :-
  241    '$notrace'(notrap_(Error)).
  242
  243notrap_(Spec) :-
  244    expand_trap(Spec, Formal),
  245    Exception = error(Formal, _),
  246    findall(exception(Name, Exception, NotCaught, Caught),
  247            retract(exception(Name, error(Formal, _), Caught, NotCaught)),
  248            Trapping),
  249    print_message(informational, notrap(Trapping)).
  250
  251expand_trap(Var, _Formal), var(Var) =>
  252    true.
  253expand_trap(Alias, Formal), trap_alias(Alias, For) =>
  254    Formal = For.
  255expand_trap(Explicit, Formal) =>
  256    Formal = Explicit.

 trap_alias(+Alias, -Error)

Define short hands for commonly used exceptions.

  262trap_alias(det, determinism_error(_Pred, _Declared, _Observed, property)).
  263trap_alias(=>,  existence_error(rule, _)).
  264
  265
  266trapping :-
  267    findall(exception(Name, Term, NotCaught, Caught),
  268            exception(Name, Term, NotCaught, Caught),
  269            Trapping),
  270    print_message(information, trapping(Trapping)).
  271
  272:- dynamic   prolog:prolog_exception_hook/5.  273:- multifile prolog:prolog_exception_hook/5.

 exception_hook(+ExIn, -ExOut, +Frame, +Catcher) is failure

Trap exceptions and consider whether or not to start the tracer.

  279:- public exception_hook/5.  280
  281exception_hook(Ex, Ex, _Frame, Catcher, _Debug) :-
  282    thread_self(Me),
  283    thread_property(Me, debug(true)),
  284    broadcast(debug(exception(Ex))),
  285    exception(_, Ex, NotCaught, Caught),
  286    !,
  287    (   Caught == true
  288    ->  true
  289    ;   Catcher == none,
  290        NotCaught == true
  291    ),
  292    trace, fail.

 install_exception_hook

Make sure our handler is the first of the hook predicate.

  299install_exception_hook :-
  300    installed(Ref),
  301    (   nth_clause(_, I, Ref)
  302    ->  I == 1, !                   % Ok, we are the first
  303    ;   retractall(installed(Ref)),
  304        erase(Ref),                 % Someone before us!
  305        fail
  306    ).
  307install_exception_hook :-
  308    asserta((prolog:prolog_exception_hook(Ex, Out, Frame, Catcher, Debug) :-
  309                    exception_hook(Ex, Out, Frame, Catcher, Debug)), Ref),
  310    assert(installed(Ref)).
  311
  312
  313		 /*******************************
  314		 *            MESSAGES		*
  315		 *******************************/
  316
  317:- multifile
  318    prolog:message//1.  319
  320prolog:message(trapping([])) -->
  321    [ 'No exception traps'-[] ].
  322prolog:message(trapping(Trapping)) -->
  323    [ 'Exception traps on'-[], nl ],
  324    trapping(Trapping).
  325prolog:message(trap(_Rule, Error, _Caught, _NotCaught)) -->
  326    [ 'Installed trap for exception '-[] ],
  327    exception(Error),
  328    [ nl ].
  329prolog:message(notrap([])) -->
  330    [ 'No matching traps'-[] ].
  331prolog:message(notrap(Trapping)) -->
  332    [ 'Removed traps from exceptions'-[], nl ],
  333    trapping(Trapping).
  334
  335trapping([]) --> [].
  336trapping([exception(_Rule, Error, _Caught, _NotCaught)|T]) -->
  337    [ '  '-[] ],
  338    exception(Error),
  339    [ nl ],
  340    trapping(T).
  341
  342exception(Term) -->
  343    { copy_term(Term, T2),
  344      numbervars(T2, 0, _, [singletons(true)])
  345    },
  346    [ '~p'-[T2] ]